By admin
http://www.cwhdallas.com/information-science/
Information Science
| Account limit of 2000 requests per hour exceeded. |
One of the most powerful substances on the planet is sulphuric acid. It is an extremely strong and hazardous acid known in chemistry with a formula H2SO4. It is characterized as a colorless, transparent, and odorless liquid that is viscous and very corrosive. Among all the industrial chemicals, this acid is the most largely produced. That is why it is said to be an indicator of a country's level of industrialization.
Agriculture claims majority of the industrial production through agricultural fertilizers uses up to 65% of the manufactured acid. However, the chemical is also present in the manufacture of dye, alcohol, rubber, plastic, ether, adhesive, film, medicine, paint, wood preservative, pharmaceutical products, paper, pulp, petroleum products, and explosives. The list could go on. But it can occur more frequently in car batteries, in which the lead-acid compartment contains the strong acid of sulphur.
This substance was first prepared by Johann Van Helmont through a process known in chemistry as destructive distillation of iron (II) sulphate.
Today production of the acid can be through lead chamber process and contact process. The acid produced can be available in varying concentrations and qualities depending on the demands of the buyers. In the first process, hot sulphur dioxide enters the bottom of the Glover tower, a reactor, wherein the acidic gas is washed with nitrous vitriol and then mixed with oxides of nitrogen. In the process, some of the sulphur dioxide becomes oxidized to form sulphur trioxide, which upon dissolution into the substance wash yields Glover acid that is roughly seventy-eight percent H2SO4.
In the contact process, a pure mixture of air and sulphur dioxide is heated to approximately 450°C and then is run over a catalyst to produce sulphur trioxide through oxidation. The catalysts used may be vanadium pentoxide on a silica carrier or platinum on asbestos or silica carrier.
In these two processes, waste gases are ejected into the atmosphere.
While the acid is considered a widely-used chemical, it only became known after its discovery during the 17th century. Before this, little was known about it. The first industrial application of the chemical was through the production of sodium carbonate through the Leblanc process in the latter 18th century.
The concentrated ternary acid of sulphur can be obtained by heating during which sulphur trioxide gas leaves a 98.5% of the acid H2SO4. Nonetheless, unlike most acids, the concentrated form of this compound is a weak acid and weak electrolyte because the ions do not readily dissociate in aqueous solutions. When in low temperatures, it does not react vigorously with common metals. However, when hot, it reacts readily with many known metals and even with nonmetallic elements like carbon. A remarkable reaction may occur when it is heated with salts. For instance, table salt and concentrated sulfuric acid yields hydrogen chloride gas, which forms hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions.
Moreover, a strong concentration of sulfuric acid has a powerful ability to attract water, hence, the popular use of the acid as a dehydrating agent of many compounds. For instance, when it is added to sucrose (table sugar), it removes all the water molecules to leave a brittle mass of carbon and dilute acid. It can do the same to all organic molecules such as plant and animal matter.
Just like what strong acids and bases do, sulphuric acid dissolves in water to release lots of heat, thus, the term exothermic solution. Adding it to small amounts of water can generate enough heat to boil the mixture and send splash of corrosive solution everywhere. To avoid this accident, it is recommended that the acid should be added slowly into the cold water and the mixture should be stirred constantly to disperse the heat throughout.
Jo is an author and publisher for 'Sulphuric Acid' (http://www.sulphuric-acid.co.uk), a site owned by ReAgent Chemical Services Ltd, a reputable UK stationed chemical producer that manufactures, carries and sells a vast variety of high quality chemical. If your corporation is looking for superior quality chemical product for instance Sulphuric Acid then take a look at ReAgent Chemical Services Ltd.
Tips for Winning a Science Fair Project with a Rock Set
Collecting rocks is a popular hobby that kids and adults can enjoy together. More than just a fun activity, rock collecting is a great way to study rocks and geology. It can also make a great science fair project. This article provides tips on how to win a science fair project with an amazing rock set.
Rock collecting can be done for fun or for learning or both at the same time. Many children return from the beach or park with a pocketful of assorted rocks, drawn to shapes, colors, and textures. Taking a more systematic approach to rock collecting can help kids take their fun to another level while they also discover the underlying geology.
For a science fair project, it’s more impressive if the student has collected many samples in person. It makes for interesting stories to include in the presentation. Photos of the adventure mounted to a foam board or set in a photo album can help tell the story.
To collect your own rock set, you will need to choose a good location for the hunt. Check local geological maps and look for hills, cliffs, beaches, and quarries. Pick up interesting rocks on trips. When collecting in person, label each sample with a number and location to help later identification. If using a rock hammer to collect samples, wear goggles and gloves.
However, not everyone has time to collect their own rock set. The good news is you don’t have to collect your own because you can purchase a rock set containing just about any kind of rocks you could ever find on your own. For many busy families, a store-bought rock set provides a good place to start.
To win a science fair project, your rock set should include examples of all three rock types as listed below. There are three types of rock categorized by formation:
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, or molten rock. Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from volcanic activity at the Earth’s surface and fast cooling of lava. The rapid cooling produces fine-grained rocks like obsidian and basalt. Plutonic or intrusive rocks form beneath the surface, from slowly cooled magma. These rocks, like pumice and granite are typically rougher and have larger crystals.
Sedimentary rocks form through deposition in water. Small rock particles are eroded and accumulate in lakes, oceans, and rivers. Over time, these particles settle in layers and compress into rock, such as sandstone, limestone, and chalk.
Metamorphic rocks are igneous or sedimentary rocks that have undergone extreme pressure and temperature conditions, resulting in new forms. Marble forms from limestone, while quartzite develops from quartz.
For a winning science fair project, consider using a rock tumbler to polish some of the samples. Rock tumblers smooth rocks by moving them around in grit and other polishing compounds. Rocks of a similar hardness should be polished together, so first identify and classify samples on the Mohs scale. The process takes about a month, starting with a rough grind to smooth edges and moving to finer grit and polish with each step. Follow all tumbler directions for the best results. Careful recording of the amounts and types of rock, polishing materials, and duration will create an informative science fair project. Note any changes in the tumbler contents or actions taken to improve the process.
All of the tips provided so far are essential for winning a science fair project. However, if you really want to take your project to a higher level, you’ll need to become fluent in speaking rock talk. This is what separates the true rock lovers from the more casual passers-by. You’ll need to dig a bit (no pun intended) into the science of how rocks are formed. Often rocks are made up of several minerals. Once a child knows how rocks and minerals form, finding different types becomes easier. Understanding chemistry is useful. Elements such as carbon, iron, and fluorine are the simplest building blocks of minerals. A specific combination of elements forms a mineral, such as quartz or mica. Minerals have characteristic crystalline structures made up of repeating elements. Kids enjoy identifying minerals with a rock set and tools to test hardness. The systematic approach involves looking at the streak color left by a rock, along with its ability to scratch glass or be scratched by a metal probe. All this extra knowledge will make your science fair project more impressive while building your own knowledge, understanding and appreciation for rocks.
About the Author
Joe Kanooga is a father of two kids, a successful business owner and the author of numerous articles about rock set collecting plus many other educational topics. Click here to download our free science fair project guidebook filled with helpful tips, ideas and information.
what is the differences between computer science and software engineering and information system?
Many students interested in the information technology area at a degree or diploma level have to choose between doing information systems, computer science and software engineering. What are the major differences between the different types of courses? Identify some subjects or subject areas an information systems student might cover that the others would not cover.
Computer Science is the broad term that generally covers everything. Like the previous poster writes, computer science covers software and hardware engineering.
Software engineering is the design and development of software. These are basically programs. You will need to take a lot of programming classes. This may include lower level languages such as machine language as well. Higher level languages such as C and C++ and their applications and implementation is a must. Structures, classes, functions, scripting, and other languages might be involved.
IT is information technology and is the common name for Information systems. Some schools have different names for the same thing or have different variations of IT. MIS, IS, IT, NIT are just some of the few acronyms found as majors. Management Information Systems, Information Systems, Information Technology, Networking Information Technology etc. These courses usually deal with setting up a computer, installing software, making sure networks are operating properly, solving network problems, and involve a small bit of coding. There are a lot of vocational and technical schools that offer certification with certain systems and software that deal with Information Systems. IS people are not considered engineers. There are a variety of operating systems to understand such as Windows, Linux, Sun OS, Unix etc.
There are other specialties like web design, hardware etc. Many classes overlap and students in IS will learn a bit of each depending on the institute of study. Programming that IS might cover is database programming, storage and manipulation. SAP is a popular code.
It all depends on the classes the student decides to take within the required scope of getting their degree.
Christian Science Church eyes new towers
As the need for new Hub office space disappears amid double-digit vacancy rates, the Christian Science Church has...
Thanks for visiting!
This entry was written by
admin, posted on
December 8, 2009 at 8:17 am, filed under
Vintage Computers and tagged
information,
information science careers,
information science degree,
information science jobs,
information sciences,
information sciences institute,
news,
reference,
science,
technology. Bookmark the
permalink. Follow any comments here with the
RSS feed for this post.
or leave a trackback:
Trackback URL.
