http://www.cwhdallas.com/cga-monitor/
Cga Monitor
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19" Vision Pro LCD CGA/VGA Arcade Monitor MAME Etc. |  |
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US $295.00 | 27d 4h 36m |
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NEW 19" LCD MONITOR DISPLAY ARCADE GAME CGA/EGA/VGA -MAME CRT Conversion HD | |
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US $199.99 | 13d 18h 14m |
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CGA = VGA VIDEO CONVERTER BOARD w/ RGB for Arcade POG 8 Liner Game LCD Monitor | |
1 Bid | US $9.99 | 1d 29m |
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CGA = VGA VIDEO CONVERTER BOARD w/ RGB for Arcade POG 8 Liner Game LCD Monitor | |
1 Bid | US $9.99 | 1d 2h 4m |
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Cga to Vga or Vga to Cga Adapter cga/vga vga/cga Arcade Monitor Converter | |
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US $6.95 | 11d 2h 29m |
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VGA to RGBS/CGA/AV/S video (PC to arcade jamma game monitor ) video game NEW! | |
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US $36.99 | 13d 19h 44m |
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CGA = VGA VIDEO CONVERTER BOARD w/ RGB for Arcade POG 8 Liner Game LCD Monitor | |
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US $14.99 | 4d 20m |
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NEW 25inch CGA/EGA arcade monitor chassis with yoke | |
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US $169.95 | 27d 18h 55m |
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New 29" CGA EGA VGA Monitor Kit for Nanao/Sanwa CRTs | |
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US $237.05 | 28d 13h 23m |
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New 14" CGA EGA VGA Industrial Monitor Kit | |
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US $395.08 | 28d 15h 10m |
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NEW 19 inch CGA arcade monitor $200.00 local pickup only | |
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US $200.00 | 27d 18h 54m |
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19" LCD w/ Touch Screen Monitor, VGA, RGB, CGA | |
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US $395.00 | 25d 5h 38m |
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19" ARCADE GAME LCD MONITOR CGA/EGA/VGA -MAME | |
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US $299.00 | 27d 23h 59m |
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NEW 19 inch CGA arcade monitor $225.00, or $215 6 lot B grade | |
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US $225.00 | 27d 18h 55m |
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SANYO 20EZ (R-B,C) MONITOR INVERTOR KIT CHANGES TO CGA | |
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US $6.99 | 24d 18m |
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BELKIN PRO SERIES CGA/EGA MONITOR OR SERIAL MOUSE | |
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US $9.89 | 28d 17h 34m |
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NEW 27inch CGA/EGA arcade monitor chassis with yoke | |
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US $179.95 | 27d 18h 56m |
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NEW Belkin Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor/Serial Mouse Exte | |
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US $9.99 | 27d 19h 42m |
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VGA to RGBS/CGA/AV/S video (PC to arcade jamma game monitor ) video game NEW! | |
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US $35.00 | 11d 4h 50m |
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Belkin (F2N209-10) 10 ft. Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor or Serial Mouse Extensio... | |
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US $5.99 | 23d 19h 6m |
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APC SGA/CGA Monitor Extension Cable DB9M/DB9F 0129-25 | |
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US $7.50 | 24d 6h 34m |
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NEW Belkin CGA/EGA Monitor or Serial Mouse Extension Ca | |
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US $6.24 | 24d 18h 13m |
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TrippLite (P520-006) CGA/EGA Monitor/Mouse Extension Cable | |
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US $4.99 | 23d 1h 10m |
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Belkin CGA / EGA F2N20906 Monitor Extension Cable 6' | |
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US $9.99 | 24d 1h 2m |
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Samsung MZ4571 14" Monochrome CGA Display Monitor 1991 | |
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US $300.00 | 18d 21h 22m |
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Walls Gardner 19K 4900 CGA monitor for video arcade game,will ship Chassis only | |
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US $50.00 | 18d 23h 57m |
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BELKIN F2N209-06 Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor or Serial Mouse Extension 6 ft Cable | |
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US $6.25 | 25d 4h 10m |
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Belkin (F2N209-06) 6ft. Pro Series CGA EGA Monitor or Serial Mouse Extension ... | |
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US $4.99 | 24d 1h 14m |
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BLK F2N20910 (2) Belkin Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor Extension Cable | |
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US $21.99 | 21d 5h 57m |
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NEW 25inch CGA/EGA arcade monitor $299.00 | |
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US $299.00 | 1d 16h 14m |
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Belkin - F2N20910 Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor Extension Cable (10ft) | |
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US $17.43 | 20d 20h 2m |
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TRIPP LITE P520-006 6FT CGA/EGA MONITOR/SERIAL MOUSE EXTENSION DB9F TO DB9M UN.. | |
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US $5.13 | 19d 18h 24m |
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APC 0129-6 6FT EGA CGA MONITOR EXTERNAL CABLE DB9M DB9F | |
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US $23.05 | 20d 17h 50m |
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New 9Pin Color Graphics Adapter Monitor - CGA 5153 | |
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US $429.00 | 14d 17h 16m |
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NEW 9" - 10" CGA Monitor Chassis Matsushita FT-H910G Industrial CNC CRT Display | |
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US $85.50 | 14d 21h 24m |
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NEW SONY HD COLOR MONITOR VINTAGE COMPUTER COMMODORE IBM VGA CGA EGA RGB S-VIDEO | |
US $489.00 | 13d 23h 17m |
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27 / 29 " CGA / EGA / VCA SWITCHABLE VIDEO MONITOR | |
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US $549.00 | 14d 4h 51m |
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TRIPP LITE P520-006 6FT CGA/EGA MONITOR/SERIAL MOUSE EXTENSION DB9F TO DB9M | |
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US $5.00 | 17d 19h 52m |
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Lot of 6 APC 0129-6 EGA/CGA 6FT Serial Monitor Extension Cable | |
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US $5.00 | 16d 21h 19m |
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15" VISION PRO LCD MONITOR CGA / VGA - TOP QUALITY | |
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US $285.00 | 10d 19h 11m |
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26” Open Frame Multi-Sync LCD ARCADE MONITOR CGA/EGA/VGA | |
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US $435.00 | 4d 16h 41m |
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Lot of 10 APC 0129-6 EGA/CGA 6FT Serial Monitor Extension Cable | |
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US $12.00 | 15d 19h 6m |
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Belkin F2N209-10 -Belkin Pro Series CGA/EGA Monitor/Serial Mouse Exten | |
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US $26.14 | 14d 18h 48m |
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NEW BELKIN F2N209-06-T Belkin CGA/EGA Monitor or Serial | |
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US $6.41 | 13d 1h 55m |
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Belkin (F2N203-06) CGA/ EGA Monitor signal extension cable | |
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US $5.99 | 12d 5m |
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APC 0129-6 6FT EGA CGA MONITOR EXTERNAL CABLE DB9M DB9F | |
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US $23.40 | 14d 19h 16m |
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TVM 14" EGA CGA Colour Monitor - Multidisplay - Working! - CNC Milling - Color | |
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US $245.00 | 9d 5m |
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NEW 19 inch CGA arcade monitor $285.00, or $265 6 lot | |
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US $285.00 | 1d 16h 16m |
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Microvitec 14" Monitor 15-40Khz CGA-SVGA 38-C34DND-01 Delta-Scan 1402 14VC4CLV2 | |
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US $445.50 | 15d 17h 38m |
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Refurbished Orchid MM-1401 MGA HGA CGA CRT Monitor! | |
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US $419.00 | 1d 19h 10m |
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Oxygen Regulator, 0-15 LPM, CGA 870 w/Barb Outlet Sale Price: $36.00  |
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This adjustable click style regulator uses a CGA870 connection with barb outlet and operates at 50 PSI. At only 6.625" inches in body length this regulator is extremely compact and weighs only 1.10 lbs. To ensure safety, reliability, and durability, this regulator is manufactured from brass and aluminum.The 0-15 LPM regulator can be set to 0, 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 15 LPM.All flow rate indicators are labeled in fractions for easy reading. The regulator includes an impact resistant gauge with gauge cover and is anodized in dark green. |
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Oxygen Metal "E" wrench, CGA 870 Sale Price: $7.32 |
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For use with E cylinders with CGA 870 |
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Cramer Decker Aluminum Handwheel for CGA540 Valve Sale Price: $9.04 |
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This is a high strength aluminum handwheel replacement for a CGA540 valve. |
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9-Pin DB9 Female to 15-Pin HD15 Male VGA Video Adapter VID-A-9F-15M Sale Price: $4.99 |
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Great for use with older monitors with DB9 Connector. Not for use with DB9 RS232 Serial Port. |
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Cisco-Linksys WVC54GCA Webcam 640x480 802.11G Wireless Internet Home Monitoring Camera List Price: $112.99 Sale Price: $139.95 |
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Linksys Wireless-G Internet Video Camera WVC54G-CA Surveillance & Network Cameras |
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SainSmart GBS-8220 RGB/CGA/EGA/YUV to VGA Arcade HD Video Converter Board Sale Price: $34.95 |
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This Sainic GBS-8220 CGA/EGA/YUV to VGA Arcade HD-Converter PCB allows all types of RGB, EGA, VGA or YUV component signals to be up-converter and display on a 31KHz PC VGA monitor, TFT monitor, LCD display, or HD-TV with VGA connection. No need to set dip switches in order to figure out the specific input frequency as all inputs are detected automatically! A great alternative to purchasing a expensive, heavy CGA monitor. Use this converter with an existing computer monitor or install a lightweight LCD display or even use to build your own supergun! |
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Belkin Serial Extension Cable (10 Feet, DB9M to DB9F) List Price: $19.99 Sale Price: $3.64 |
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Our Serial Extension Cable gives you more flexibility in arranging your desktop. Now you can extend the reach of your serial mouse CGA/EGA video monitor or any other device with DB9 connectors to your PC. It?s the perfect solution for serial devices with short cables. Thumbscrews make installation easy and our Belkin Lifetime Warranty guarantees long-term durability.Primary InformationCable Technology : Shielded Cable Type : Serial Extension Cable Works with Serial mouse CGA/EGA monitor or other device with DB9 connector Dimensions&MiscellaneousPC Compatibility : PC Length : 10 feet ConnectionLeft Connector Gender : Female Right Connector Gender : Male Left Connector Type : 9 pin D-Sub (DB-9) Right Connector Type : 9 pin D-Sub (DB-9) Service&SupportService & Support Type : Lifetime Warranty UNSPSC CodeUNSPSC Code : 26121620 Product IDUPC: 722868139288Manufacturer Part: F2N209-10-T |
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Belkin 6ft Rgb Monitor Replacement Cable Db9 M/db9 M List Price: $12.99 Sale Price: $3.99 |
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Has all your desk rearranging left you a little short in the cable department. Try a Belkin CGA/EGA monitor signal extension cable, and fix those desk rearranging woes. The perfect CGA/EGA signal replacement cable, featuring male DB9 connectors. Ideal for monitors with short cables. |
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APC 6ft Monitor Extension Cable Db9m/db9f Ega/cga List Price: $14.35 Sale Price: $1.00 |
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6ft Serial Ext Cbl DB9 M to DB9 FPrimary InformationCable Technology : TBD Left Connector Gender : Male Right Connector Gender : Female Left Connector Type : 9 pin D-Sub (DB-9) Right Connector Type : 9 pin D-Sub (DB-9) Dimensions&MiscellaneousLength : 6 feet UNSPSC CodeUNSPSC Code : 26121620 |
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19" Arcade Game LCD Monitor, for Jamma VGA Sale Price: $219.00 |
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For VGA usage. For CGA or RGB you need a converter board Features: Display: 19" Color Active Matrix LCD (TFT) Resolution: EGA & VGA (1024 x 768) Contrast Ratio: 450:1 Brightness: 250 cd/m2 Pixel Response Time: 16 ms Weight: 13.2 lbs unpackaged Video Inputs: VGA (15-pin D-Sub) Warranty: 30 Day DOA exchange warranty only Dimensions: Screen Size: Width: 15.5 inch height: 12-3/4 inch Mounting Size: Width: 17.25 inch height: 12-7/8 inch Depth: 2 inch ** Fits most stand up and cocktail arcade game cabinets ** Jamma Board Compatable. MAME Board Compatable. Industial PC cabinet Compatable Package includes power cord and VGA cable, Jamma and MAME Ready! Product Notes: This monitor is designed for gamming, with a contact ratio of 450:1 non matted screen this monitor has very vivid color and unlike a desktop computer LCD monitor can be viewed at an angle. This is a very important feature when building game systems and cocktail arcade system as computer monitors do not support these features. Installing computer monitors in arcade systems de-values them. |
IBM made the first video card in 1981. It was called Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA). The card was only capable of displaying one color and had 80x25 text-only display, with a 4KB memory.
Video cards are hardware pieces that generate the images you see on your monitor. Without this you could not use the software you have, because you could not see the images to work it. The CPU sends applications to the video card, and the video card decides how to use the pixels to make the correct image appear on the monitor. There are 4 parts that make up a video card.
#1- Motherboard connection- The motherboard gives the power and data to the video card.
#2- Processor- The ability to generate geometric calculations (GPU) to produce the picture.
#3- Memory- The data that the GPU produces is temporarily stored on RAM. The RAM sends it to the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) to convert image to analog signals that the monitor uses to display the image.
#4- Monitor connection- The video card is connected to the monitor to receive all images sent.
Three other names for video cards are: Graphics Accelerator Card, Display Adapter, and Graphics Card. From the year 1981 to 1987 three other standards of video cards were presented to computer users.
*Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) 640x200 graphic mode display, 16 colors, 16KB memory
*Enhanced Graphic Adapter (EGA) 640x350 graphic mode display, 16 colors, 256KB memory
*Multi-Color Graphics Adapter (MCGA) 320x200 graphic mode display, 256 colors
Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) was produced in 1987. It contained 720x400 text-only display, 640x480 graphic mode display, 256 colors and a 256KB memory. Companies like S3, Cirrus Logic, and ATI soon possessed the same capabilities as VGA. Not wanting to be out done, they made the Super VGA (SVGA) with 1024x768 resolutions, 256 color mode and 2 MB video memory. New improvements continued to be made until 1995 ,when they thought they had reached the top, 2D and 3D cards were created. They were released by Creative Matrox, S3 and ATI. These cards were based on the SVGA, but with the addition of 2D and 3D capabilities.
NVIDIA dominated the video card market between 1999 and 2002 with their version, the GeForce video cards. They went from 32MB in GeForce to 128MB in the GeForce 4. Their leadership was soon taken away by ATI in 2006 when they introduced Radeon Video Cards to the computer consumer.
There are several leading video card producers such as: NVIDIA, ATI Technologies, 3Dlabs, Matrox Graphics, SiS Inc., ABIT Ltd., Aopen, ASUSTek Computer, Gainward (CardExpert), LeadTek Research, MSI Inc., PNY Technologies, and Sapphire Technologies.
Nanette Aniston is an authority in PC troubleshooting at http://www.pc-error-repair.org For a free driver scan visit http://www.driverscan.org and update all your drivers in 2 minutes.
Public Debt Management System in Govt. Accounting Phenomena
Public Debt Management is the process of establishing and implementing a policy for managing the government’s debt in order to raise the required amount of funding, track its cost and risk objectives, and to convene any other public debt management goals for which the government has put criteria for developing and maintaining an efficient and liquid market for national securities. Hence,
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The Legal framework should clarify the authority to borrow and to issue new debt, invest and undertake transactions on behalf of the Government. The organizational framework should be well specified where mandates and roles are well articulated. Sovereign debt management may span a country’s debt management organization or a fundamental depository. Debt management report should be made publicly which would review preceding year’s activities and provide synopsis of borrowing plans based on budget protuberance.
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The Public Accounts comprises of three divisions Debt, Deposits and Reserves and Remittances. The 'Debt' Comprises receipt and payments in respect of which government incurs a liability to repay the money received or has a claim to recover the amount paid together with repayments of the former and recoveries of the latter. State General Provident Fund, National Savings Certificate and Postal Savings Certificates etc. are recorded in this division. The 'Deposit and Reserves' comprises receipts and payment for which the Government acts as a banker. The government, as the banker, deals with civil deposit, personal deposit and renewal reserve fund etc. The 'Remittances' division comprises all adjusting heads for instance, remittances to and from Bangladesh Bank and PWD, Defence, Forest, T and T and Postal etc. Remittances to Bangladesh mission abroad are also included in this division. The form of accounting used by the Government of Bangladesh is based on the cash basis of accounting; that is, recording the transaction at the time when cash is paid or received. Cash basis of Accounting is a traditional basis of govt accounting. There are completely two different sets of published accounts in Bangladesh- the Annual Finance Accounts and the Annual Appropriation Accounts and Annual Finance Accounts: The Finance Accounts reflect total annual receipts and expenditure of the government together with relevant financial statements.
Furthermore, the cash balance of the government is also publicized in this statement where preparation of the Annual Finance Accounts is vested with the C&AG according to Article 4 of the Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional Functions) Act, 1974. Appropriation Accounts: The appropriation is a proportional report viewing comprehensive head-wise/code-wise ultimate budgetary distribution and authentic expenses of different ministries and their subordinate offices with details of variances (if any). According to Article 128 of the Constitution and Rule 4 of the Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional functions) Act 1974, preparation of the Appropriation Accounts by the concerned Accounts Offices, it is reviewed by the Directorates of Civil Audit and PT&T according to concerned portions and then certified by the C&AG with required observations.
The primary accounts are held in reserve where the transactions take place. There are two branches of primary accounts, one kept by the govt. accounting departments; and the other kept by the self-drawing departments known as departmentalized accounts departments, like Public Works Department, Telephone Board Postal Department, forest Department etc. To keep consistency and for the convenience of administrative functions, govt. has set up accounting offices under the control of CGA. CGDF and ADGFR. Office of the CGA covers all ministries and departments except Defence and Railway. The lowest tire of accounting unit tender the Controller General of Accounts (CGA) is the Upazilla Accounts Office. Next unit is the District Accounts Office, which is located at the District Headquarters. For the account purpose, there are also 20 regional Accounts Offices at the greater district headquarters, which consolidate the accounts received from the District and Upazilla Accounts Officers for onward transmission to the Controller General of Accounts. The Chief Accounts Offices of the respective Ministries keep accounts of the presidency. There are 21 Accounts Offices for the ministries and divisions of the govt. They work under the Administrative control of the C&AG and CGA and under the functional control of the secretary of the concerned Ministry/Division. All these Accounts Offices and their activities facilities the CGA office to prepare the Monthly Accounts, the Finance Accounts and Appropriation Accounts. Considering the special nature of functions and activities of the Defense Service and the Railway. Govt. has established separated departments for their accounting functions, namely the CGDF and the ADGFR respectively. Accounting units of these Departments also prepare and maintain their monthly accounts, which facilitate the CGDF and the ADGFR to prepare the Monthly Accounts, the Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts.
The accounting system for the departments, which run the Departmentalized concept such as Railway, Defence, Postal, T&T, Works, Forest etc, is a bit different from concept such as Railway, Defense, Postal, T&T, Works, Forest etc. is a bit different from the general government accounting system. However, except Railway all other departments do not have separate bank account. The Railway has separate bank account with the Bangladesh Bank and that shows separate through a head called ''Remittance""- an adjusting head in the government account and deposit it their income through using this head too. The Bangladesh Bank (BB) acts the banker to the government although there exists distinction between Consolidated Fund and Public Account, in effect cash balance of the Government is one and that lies with the Bangladesh Bank. The Accounting Offices issue cheque in favour of the parties/person's and then the cheques are finally drawn from the (now Central Reconciliation Unit) fore reconciliation and outside the presidency where there are no branches of BB Sonali Bank acts as the Banker to the Government Cheques issued by the Accounting Offices and drawn on the Sonali Bank afterwards are sent back to the concerned Accounting Offices for reconciliation. The Thana, District and Chief Accounts Officers record each and every transaction of the government as the initial accounts where it is applicable. Initial accounts are recorded under the relevant head of accounts where the transaction is taken place where Upazilla and District Accounts Offices send accounts as usual by the 10th of the following month. The DCA Offices subsequently classify the detailed accounting information under the respective head of accounts and propel it to the CGA by the 20th of that month. On the other side, self-drawing Departments transmit their accounts to the CAO of their respective ministries. Along with those, the CAO Office prepares initial accounts of the presidency, classify and consolidate the accounts within the purview of its ministry's boundaries and then send the accounts to the CGA by 20th of the following month. They also send the accounts to their respective Principal Accounting Officer/Secretary of Ministry or Division. CGA Prepares consolidated accounts based on the accounting data supplied by the CAO and DCA's. Similar procedure is followed in the accounting units of the Defense Finance and Railway so far as flow of accounts is concerned. In respect of preparation of the Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts of the Defence Ministry and the Railway Department, the CGDF and the ADGFR respectively play the key role. The monthly Accounts prepared and maintained by the Accounts Officers of the government are the basis of Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts. The following criteria are the factor which is worth noting.
- Well-articulated responsibilities for staff, clear monitoring, control policies and reporting arrangements required.
- Precise and comprehensive management information system with proper safeguards.
- Staff be subject to a code of conduct and conflict of interest guidelines re management of personal financial affairs.
Debt Management approach:
Risk can be moderate by transforming debt structure against costs which is accelerated for borrowing decisions at reduced risks. Debt managers should consider financial and other risks characteristic to government cash flows where carefully assessment and managing risk associated with foreign currency and short term floating rate debt is virtual important with due regard. Debt Management Strategy should be Cost effective where cash management policies needs to meet with a high degree of certainty financial obligations as they fall due. A framework enabling debt managers to manage the trade-off between expected costs and risk in government debt portfolio should be set forth in consistence with real life situation. Impact of contingent liabilities on Government financial and liquidity position cannot be ignored while making decision in respect of selecting borrowing criteria.
Risks in sovereign debt management
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Market risks involve changes in interest rate, exchange rate and commodity prices and their impact on government debt servicing. Longer term fixed rate needs to be preferred. In this connection, rollover risk is another factor to reduce risk in the field of Debt Management System: The risk that debt may have to be rolled over at an unusually high cost, and in extreme cases, cannot be rolled over. Operational Risk: A Transaction error, failure of internal control or systems, security breaches natural disasters affecting business activity.
- Risks in sovereign debt management
- Liquidity risk: It involves a situation when volumes of liquid assets diminish quickly in face of unanticipated cash flow obligation or difficulty in raising cash thru borrowing on short notice. Credit Risk: It refers to non-performance by borrowers on loans or other financial assets e.g. contingent liabilities, derivative contract entered into by debt manager.
- Develop Efficient Govt. Securities Market
- To minimize cost and risk debt managers should strive to develop efficient securities market. To strive to achieve a broad investor base for both domestic and foreign obligation with investors being treated equitably.
- The primary market should be transparent and predictable with market-based debt issuance. Government should promote a resilient and there should have criteria for
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Debt versus Deficit which
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deficit is a flow of new debt incurred when the Government spends more than it raises as taxes.
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- Ex: When US government ran a deficit of $ 100 billion in 1995, it adds to stock of government debt, but when it enjoyed a surplus of $ 200 billion in 1999, it reduced the stock by that amount.
Objectives of Debt management
- To ensure that government financing needs and its payment obligations are met.
- To secure government debt at the lowest possible cost over medium and long range.
- It should be consistent with prudent degree of risk
- Coordination with Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Debt Managers, fiscal policy advisors and central bankers should share an understanding on the objectives of debt management, fiscal and monetary policies. They should also know Government’s current and future liquidity requirements. Debt managers should convey fiscal authorities their views on the costs and risk associated with government financing requirements and debt levels. Divergent objectives respected where Debt-managers focus on cost/risk trade-off of debt while monetary policy directed towards achieving price-stability and inflation issues. In this connection, Debt management and monetary policy be allowed to perform in their own realms with one not affecting the core objectives of the other. Furthermore, the goal of cost minimization subject to prudent level of risk should not be viewed as a mandate to reduce interest rate. Coordination with Monetary and Fiscal Policies
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Debt Managers, fiscal policy advisors and central bankers should share an understanding on the objectives of debt management, fiscal and monetary policies. They should also know Government’s current and future liquidity requirements where Debt managers should convey fiscal authorities their views on the costs and risk associated with government financing requirements and debt levels.
- Divergent objectives respected and in this respect, debt-managers focus on cost/risk trade-off of debt while monetary policy directed towards achieving price-stability and inflation issues.
- Debt management and monetary policy be allowed to perform in their own realms with one not affecting the core objectives of the other.
- The goal of cost minimization subject to prudent level of risk should not be viewed as a mandate to reduce interest rate.
Borrowing Authority:
An IMF survey shows that:
- In all of the countries surveyed, the legal authority to borrow rests with the parliament
- In most of the countries, legislation has been enacted authorizing the Ministry of Finance to borrow on behalf of the government.
- In some others, that power has been delegated to the Cabinet, and in one case (India) straightly to the state bank.
Debt Management Responsibility in Bangladesh: Regarding debt management system, there exists lots of responsibility to create and debt management market by borrowing and establishing funds and in a nutshell, these are as follows:
- The Rules of Business empowers Finance Division to borrow and float market loans. Bangladesh Bank Order 1972 envisages that BB acts as an agent to the Government, among others, for management of the public debt, they play active role in this respect.
- FSAP Report of IMF recommended that the terms, manner and conditions of borrowing fund should rest with Finance Division.
- The Report envisaged that Debt Management Office may be established in Finance Division. That the Office should report to Finance Secretary. The Office is responsible for all public debt including NSCs and external debt as well. Currently, NSCs debt are managed by IRD while external debt are managed by ERD, while borrowing from the banking system is managed by Bangladesh Bank with peripheral. Current Practice in Debt Management
- Domestic debt management is performed by BB very often not reflecting the needs of Government’s fiscal policy. The objective of debt management and monetary management seems to get blurred. Because of lack of involvement FD depends on its creditor (BB) for debt stock and borrowing information during the year.
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Government accounting system derived its authorization from the Constitution of Bangladesh and as such the Constitution empowered the Comptroller and Auditor General to lay down the forms and manners of the government accounting. The Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional Functions) Act, 1974 assigned the C&AG with the responsibilities of maintenance the accounts of the Republic. These responsibilities of the Appropriation Accounts. Office of the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Controller General Defense Finance (CGDF), Additional Director General Finance of Railway (ADGFR) and the Bangladesh Bank are the main source of accounting information for the government. Controller General of Accounts (CGA) plays the most important role in the government accounting function. CGA is responsible for keeping the accounts of the receipts and expenditure that are done the govt. departments other than the departmentalized accounting Departments and the Defense and Railway Department. CGDF maintains the accounts of the armed Forces and the departments under the Ministry of Defense. ADGFR is responsible for keeping the accounts of Bangladesh Railway. Bangladesh Bank furnishes the information and figures to the govt. accounting departments regarding foreign loans and aids provided by the International Development Partners to Bangladesh.
About the Author
Kh. Atiar Rahman is a prolific author born in 1955 in the former district kushtia. He has many publications in national and International Media.Kh. Atiar Rahman is a prolific author. He was born in the former district kushtia in 1955.He has many articles and poems published in National and International Media.He has many poems published In International book and their web page. He has written 12 books in English and bengali.
How many computer(s) you have (had) in your life time!!?
How much was your first one and how much is your current one??
My first one was one $2000 years back IBM CLONE 20 MB HARD DRIVE WITH 2 5 1/2 DRIVES, 64K RAM, no modems, and CGA MONITOR!!
My latest one is $800 DELL LAPTOP 1 GIG RAM, 60 GIG HARD DRIVE, MODEM, NETWORKD CARD, WIRELESS. EVERYTHING IS THERE!!
I got a Packard-Bell back in 1987. It had a HUGE 60MB HDD a 5 1/4 floppy and a 1.44MB floppy. It was an Intel 286MHz clock speed processor. It also had state of the art graphics called VGA. It cost about $2100. The next computer was a Pentium 1 processor and Windows 1. It cost about $1500. The next was a Pentium 3 and had DRAM. It cost about $1300. I now have 5 computers an HP Pavillion 752n with 512MB of RAM and a 60GB HDD-DVD burner-CD burner-Windows XP Home sp/2, 2-Toshiba laptops with Intel Celeron 2.60GHz processors-40GB HDD-1GB RAM-DVD Combo drives-Built in wireless, Windows XP Home sp/2 and 2 built computers-one is a socket A AMD-DVD burner-DVD ROM-80GB HDD and a 120GB HDD-1GB of DDR RAM-128MB AGP video card, the second built one has a socket 939 AMD dual core processor, 2GB of DDR RAM-DVD burner-DVD Combo drive-250GB SATA HDD-120GB IDE HDD-256MB AGP video card. The HP cost about $1000. The laptops were about $600 each, The 2 built computers cost about $1200 each.
Deans Knight Income Corporation Releases Annual Financial Statements and Management Report of Fund Performance for the ...
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - March 11, 2010) - Deans Knight Income Corporation (the "Company") (TSX:DNC) is pleased to release its annual financial statements and Management Report of Fund Performance for the year ended December 31, 2009. T
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